We aimed to characterize the age of onset of training, age at menarche, menstrual periodicity, and performance perception during the menstrual cycle and examined the impact of these reproductive variables on body composition, morphology, and body weight satisfaction in Brazilian elite futsal players. The study consisted of 115 female Brazilian elite futsal players from the top national teams. Data were collected during the twentieth Women’s Brazil Futsal Cup. Players were interviewed and self-reported their age of onset of training, age at (...) menarche, menstrual periodicity, and the menstrual period, where they performed best. We also asked for what they considered to be their ideal body weight as well as information related to their training. Subsequently, anthropometric measurements were performed to estimate the body composition and determine morphological characteristics. Fifty-nine players were postmenarche-trained and 52 were premenarche-trained. Eighteen, 65, and 28 were classified as early, normal, and late menarche, respectively. Only 11 and 1 had irregular menstrual cycles and were amenorrheic, respectively. Seventy-three, 23, and 9 reported that their game performance was the best at the follicular phase, menses, and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, respectively. No associations between the four reproductive-related variables were found. Postmenarche-trained players had significant lower age at menarche and higher percentage body fat. The somatotype profile registered lower ectomorphy rate for the postmenarche-trained participants after controlling for covariates. Early menarche group presented higher sum of six skinfold thickness and endomorphy rate compared to normal and late menarche groups. No differences were found when menstrual periodicity groups and best performance groups were compared, except for higher femur width in the regular menstrual cycle group compared to the irregular one. The association between body weight satisfaction and the four reproductive-related variables were not observed. Premenarche-trained Brazilian elite futsal players had the menarche later than the postmenarche-trained athletes. Most of the participants had menarche age classified as “normal,” presented “regular” menstrual cycles and perceived to perform better during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. (shrink)

This article aims to problematize, through the theoretical contributions of the post-colonial studies, the catholic church’s colonization project towards the Amapaense Amazon’s popular catholicism - such as the Myth of Cobra Grande - constituted as a project evolved around eurocentric and judeo-christian assumptions to the detriment of afro-amerindian cultural, identity and religious expressions, of catholic communities in the urban and rural areas of the brazilian Amazon. The amazonian population develops strategies of resistance and re-existence in order to maintain their religious (...) traditions around festa dos santos, pilgrimages, festivities, rosaries, quermesses, and other activities as forms of origins establishment or origins return for the foundation of a narrative identity.. (shrink)

Como área interdisciplinar, as Ciências Cognitivas começam a se desenvolver em meados da década de 1950 a partir de uma concepção compartilhada sobre a mente, hoje chamada de cognitivista. Esses pesquisadores concebiam a mente com uma natureza representacional que opera por meio de computações simbólicas. Atualmente, há uma multiplicidade de abordagens e teorias sobre a mente. Nesse espectro de posições, há desde abordagens tradicionais, que concebem a mente como representacional, até abordagens bastante radicais, que negam qualquer natureza representacional para a (...) mente. Após introduzir este tema, apresentamos as críticas de William Ramsey à representação enquanto definidora das Ciências Cognitivas ou, em outros termos, à representação enquanto critério de demarcação do cognitivo. Desenvolveremos uma hipótese interpretativa para a crítica de Ramsey mobilizando o conceito de estratégia de pesquisa, de Hugh Lacey. Apresentaremos a distinção de Lacey entre adoção de uma estratégia e aceitação de uma teoria, discutindo a suposta independência avaliativa entre estratégia e teoria. Finalizaremos com a defesa de um pluralismo de estratégias nas Ciências Cognitivas. Diferente de concepções que buscam reduzir prematuramente as Ciências Cognitivas a uma única estratégia, o pluralismo que defendemos equilibra a eficiência na resolução de problemas com outros valores considerados importantes, como a abrangência empírica e a neutralidade no sentido de inclusividade e equitatividade de valores. No atual momento das ciências cognitivas, o pluralismo de estratégias constitui o caminho mais promissor. (shrink)

Formative intervention methodologies, such as the Change Laboratory, are increasingly being used in work environments. However, the learning process entailed in the application of these methodologies has received insufficient attention and may be facilitated through the use of learning platforms. We examined the development of learning and training strategies for implementing formative interventions, drawing on the experiences of a research group focusing on workers’ health. Information obtained from individuals involved in CL formative activities was analyzed and interpreted using Cultural-Historical Activity (...) Theory and the theory of expansive learning. The process of learning to implement formative interventions unfolded gradually, beginning with the interventionists’ initial exposure to abstract concepts that they subsequently internalized via various mediations and applied in concrete situations. Four key interventionist training strategies used to foster collective learning were identified: promoting dialogues and exchange of experiences, creating environments for continuous learning and permanent discussion, creating spaces for experimentation and the practical application of concepts, and the use of the double stimulation method during training programs. (shrink)

Este artigo é resultado de um processo coletivo, desencadeado entre os meses de maio e agosto de 2022, na disciplina Práticas de ensino de filosofia: programas de ensino, no segundo quadrimestre de 2022, no curso de licenciatura em filosofia da Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC). Encerrada a disciplina e a proposta de criação de um fichário para ensino de filosofia, consideramos a relevância de transformar esse processo em um artigo, a fim de, em primeiro lugar, mostrar os fundamentos que orientaram (...) o desenvolvimento da proposta e, em segundo lugar, compartilhar com a comunidade interessada os fichários desenvolvidos, seu propósito de oferecer mais uma ferramenta para o ensino de filosofia e fomentar, inclusive, a continuidade deste trabalho que está em aberto. (shrink)

Fazemos uma digressão a respeito dos números transreais, a transmatemática, o infinito nos transreais e o nullity. Uma discussão sobre as novidades que os transreais trazem à matemática e sobre o desafio de serem aceitos pelo meio acadêmico. Propomos uma interpretação contextual para as operações aritméticas entre números transreais, discutimos o fato desses números terem nascido na computação e não na matemática e divagamos sobre a introdução dos novos números: infinito e nullity.

Background: The guarantee of human rights in the healthcare of individuals with mental disorders is a global challenge. Health practices frequently fail to integrate relational ethical principles in the promotion of holistic and inclusive care. It is therefore crucial to investigate how healthcare professionals perceive and conduct their practices in this context. Objective: To understand, in the light of Relational Ethics, the perceptions and conduct of healthcare professionals regarding the guarantee of human rights and the recovery process of individuals with (...) mental disorders. Research Design: An exploratory study was conducted using ideas storming techniques and field notes for data recording, which were analyzed through Thematic Analysis and discussed in the light of the core elements of Relational Ethics. Participants and Research Context: The study involved 26 healthcare professionals (15 community health workers, 5 nurses, 3 nursing assistants, 2 doctors, and 1 pharmacy assistant) from a primary healthcare unit in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during the application of the module “Recovery and Right to Health” of the WHO QualityRights training. Ethical Considerations: The research project to which this study belongs was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (report number 6.257.303). Findings: Three themes were identified: (1) Feeling worthless when facing the lack of structure of mental health services: appearance, accessibility, and privacy; (2) dealing with barriers to the recovery of individuals with psychosocial, intellectual, or cognitive disabilities; and (3) an ethical duty: to understand the roles of families and other supporters in promoting recovery. These themes primarily explored resource scarcity, social stigma, and emotional support. Conclusions: The study reinforces the need for practices that integrate ethical care, respect for autonomy, and dialogue, which are fundamental to ensuring human rights and facilitating the recovery process. (shrink)

A editora Losada publicou uma série de conferências de Karl Jaspers pronunciadas na Universidad de laBasilea a convite da Fundação Acadêmica livre e da Faculdade de História da Filosofia daquela Instituição. Esse conjunto de conferências importantes para entender como o filósofo pensava o significado da Filosofia foi reunido em livro com o título de La fe filosófica. O livro integra a coleção da editora argentina denominada Obras Maestras delPensamiento e ainda não teve edição em português. Portanto, La fe filosófica não (...) foi inicialmente concebida como livro, mas como reflexões sobre aspectos fundamentais da Filosofia e mais tarde reunidas numa obra. (shrink)

Na Idade Média, havia um problema conhecido como “Querela dos Universais”, com a discordância entre o realismo, conceitualismo e nominalismo sobre estatuto ontológico e epistemológico dos universais. Tomás de Aquino é um realista moderado porque admite que o universal tem um ser nos indivíduos, na realidade e fora da mente. Quando falamos de um “universal na realidade”, nós nos referimos a aquilo que é comum a mais de um indivíduo. Depois, os modos de ser do conceito universal do intelecto e (...) do aspecto comum na realidade precisarão ser distinguidos, pois temos que esclarecer que o universal no intelecto não é exatamente igual ao comum na realidade, embora o primeiro seja tomado deste último. Uma vez que o aspecto comum não existe por si, mas apenas nos indivíduos, faremos uma breve análise acerca da individuação também. (shrink)

“Ex nihilo nihil fit” é uma máxima da metafísica e da teologia medievais que, digamos, tinha como finalidade ajudar na organização do inventário de uma herança cultural cujas bases não eram compatíveis com aquelas do pensamento cristão no qual o universo é Criação de um Criador. A ideia de que “do nada, nada vem” pode ser talvez identificada como a ideia central do novo livro do professor Ronai Rocha, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, intitulado Escola partida: ética e política (...) na sala de aula. (shrink)

En este ensayo se busca demostrar que la discusión sobre la ética envuelve diversas problemáti-cas que carecen de la mirada atenta del escritor y al mismo tiempo, por ser polifacética, requiere de la contribución de otras áreas del conocimiento. Por lo tanto, es preciso examinar cuidado-samente el t..

O artigo discute um aspecto da apropriação, por parte de Rousseau, do modelo contratualista - em especial, do ponto de partida "individualista" geralmente implicado por esse modelo.À igualdade e à liberdade , tradicionalmente associadas pelos autores contratualistas ao indivíduo e ilustradas paradgmaticamente na hipótese do estado de natureza,Rousseau acrescenta uma terceira,a unidade.Esse acréscimo revela-se fundamental,como o texto tenta mostrar,desdobrando a dupla perspectiva em que, a partir de Rousseau, pode-se pôr as relações entre indivíduo e comunidade:a perspectiva da teoria da lei,desenvolvida (...) sobretudo no Contrato Social, e uma outra,que sugerimos no texto chamar de perspectiva do Legislador. (shrink)

Zaratustra, aquel mítico profeta persa, es para Nietzsche la autosuperación de la moral, de aquella moral escindida entre el bien y el mal que él mismo profesó y que por medio de Nietzsche ha de superar con su figura del superhombre. Las características propias de la superación son esbozadas desde Así habló Zaratustra hasta La voluntad de poder , en donde se señalan los rasgos de la crítica; una crítica contundente hacia las dimensiones epistemológicas y ontológicas de la metafísica abstracta (...) del ser, y un ataque contundente a la ciencia positivista y su pretensión de universalidad que niega la posibilidad de la acción de la subjetividad. Por eso el Vitalismo de Nietzsche señala el tránsito de la superación: el nihilismo como motor de la historia, que va desde un estado negativo a uno positivo que debe conllevar a una gran transvalorización de la moral. En el Vitalismo de Nietzsche, la transvalorización de la moral debe de producir un tipo de hombre dotado de una nueva metafísica, la metafísica de los valores, guiada por la voluntad de poder y su fuerza activa. La voluntad de poder es uno de los tópicos propios de su filosofía, mostrando el largo y tedioso camino hacia una nueva civilización superior, profecía del cual salió de la boca del mayor inmoralista de la historia: Zaratustra. A new approach to the metaphysics of the will to power in Thus Spoke Zarathustra Zarathustra, that mythical Persian prophet is for Nietzsche the self-overcoming of morality, that morality split between good and evil that he himself practiced, which for Nietzsche, will be overcome with his figure of the Overman. The intrinsic characteristics of overcoming are outlined from Thus spoke Zarathustra up to The Will to Power , where features of the critique are pointed, a forceful critique of the epistemological and ontological dimensions of the abstract metaphysics of being, and a forceful assault on the positivist science and its pretensions of universality that denies subjectivity of all possibility for action. That is why Nietzsche's Vitalism indicates the transit of the overcoming: nihilism as the engine of history, which goes from a negative to a positive condition, thus leading to a great transvaluation of morality. On Nietzsche's Vitalism the transvaluation of morality must produce a type of man possessed of a new metaphysics –the metaphysics of values, guided by the will to power and its active force. “The will to power” is one of the topics characteristic of his philosophy, showing the long and tedious way towards a new, higher civilization, prophecy of which it came out of the mouth of the greatest immoralist in history: Zarathustra. . (shrink)

Um dos principais problemas sociais da atualidade é o assustador crescimento de várias modalidades de crimes violentos em várias cidades brasileiras. O retrato atual da violência no Brasil pode ser assim exposto: crescimento da delinqüência urbana, com espantoso aumento dos homicídios em torno do tráfico de drogas nas grandes cidades; consolidação da criminalidade organizada, através de redes de tráfico internacional, tráfico de órgãos e seres humanos, máfias internacionais de contrabando e pirataria; aumento das violações de direitos humanos, comprometendo a ordem (...) social e política e, no campo, a explosão de conflitos motivados pela estrutura agrária concentradora e historicamente violenta. Como a religião, enquanto instrumento de coesão social, pode contribuir para a reversão dessa perversa onda de criminalidade e violência? É o que pretendemos apresentar. Palavras-chave: Religião; Violência urbana; Criminalidade; Coesão social; Doutrina Social da Igreja; Cultura da paz. ABSTRACT One of the main current social problems is the appalling growth of various kinds of violent crime in many Brazilian cities. The current portrait of violence in Brazil can be thus designed: the growth of urban delinquency, with a remarkable increase in the number of murders connected to drug traffic in big cities; the consolidation of organised crime, through nets of international traffic, organs and human beings’ traffic, international smuggling and piracy mafias; an increase in the violation of human rights, jeopardising social and political order; and, in the rural area, the explosion of conflicts motivated by an agrarian structure of concentration and historical violence. How can religion, as an instrument of social cohesion, contribute to revert that hideous wave of criminality and violence? This is our scope. Key words: Religion; Urban violence; Criminality; Social cohesion; Social doctrine of the Church; Culture of peace. (shrink)

In 2011, bioethicists turned their attention to the question of whether prisoners on death row ought to be allowed to be organ donors. The discussion began with a provocative anti‐procurement article by Arthur Caplan and prompted responses from an impressive lineup of commentators. In the 10 years since, the situation for death‐row inmates seeking to donate has hardly changed: U.S. prison authorities consistently refuse to allow death‐row procurement. We believe that it is time to revisit the issue. While Caplan's commentators (...) rebutted his narrow contention that organ procurement would undermine the goals of deterrence and retribution, none of them attempted to make a positive, nonconsequentialist case for organ donation as a right of death‐row inmates. That is the task we take up in this paper. After sketching and briefly defending a theory of punishment, we show how denial of organ donation is inconsistent with punishment's basic logic. (shrink)

O livro aqui resenhado apresenta resultados de pesquisas realizadas por docentes que têm se dedicado às questões relacionadas às diversidades/ diferenças (étnicas, raciais, de gênero, sexualidades, culturais, linguísticas) em diferentes perspectivas teórico-metodológicas.

Trata-se de traçar uma aproximação comparativa entre dois autores oriundos de campos distintos do saber e da cultura e visualizar a mútua contribuição decorrente dessa aproximação, a saber, entre a filosofia de Paul Ricoeur (1913-2005) e o romance de Milan Kundera (1929-). Na medida em que tanto a filosofia de Ricoeur quanto a prosa ficcional de Kundera refletem sobre a constituição da subjetividade na modernidade, a presente contribuição visa estabelecer paralelos entre suas concepções de subjetividade e suas reflexões sobre os (...) destinos da prática da narração ficcional na virada do século. Tendo isso em vista, pretendo realizar uma interpretação comparativa entre as teses de Ricoeur, especialmente apresentadas em Tempo e narrativa e O si-mesmo como outro e as de Kundera, expostas tanto em seus ensaios quanto apresentadas de forma esparsa em digressões reflexivas que permeiam sua prosa romanesca. Meu intuito será mostrar como se diferenciam de forma discreta mas se sintonizam de forma robusta no que concerne a relação entre a constituição da subjetividade, o papel do romance na existência e a imersão desta em enredos historicamente considerados. (shrink)

The autosomal recessive genetic disorder, Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome, is characterised by an excessively high risk for the development of lymphatic tumours and an extreme sensitivity towards ionising radiation. The most likely explanation for these characteristics, a deficiency in the repair of DNA lesions, has been greatly substantiated by the recent cloning of the gene mutated in Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome patients and the analysis of its protein product, nibrin. The direct involvement of this protein in the processing of DNA double strand (...) breaks caused by ionising radiation and those also necessary for normal DNA metabolism can be correlated with many of the cellular and clinical aspects of the disease, including the cancer predisposition of patients and their heterozygous relatives. BioEssays 21:649–656, 1999. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)

In this paper we present an axiomatic characterization for brutal contractions. Then we consider the particular case of the brutal contractions that are based on a bounded ensconcement and also the class of severe withdrawals which are based on bounded epistemic entrenchment relations that are defined by means of bounded ensconcements. We present axiomatic characterizations for each one of those classes of functions and investigate the interrelation among them.

Introduction -- Overview of ethical thought -- Historical and theoretical rising of human rights and their international codification and protection -- Ethics of recognition -- Human dignity principle -- Other principles -- A changed and changing legal landscape -- Answering some questions -- Conclusion.

In this article we present a new class of multiple contraction functionswhich are a generalization of the epistemic entrenchment-based contractions (Grdenfors & Makinson, 1988) to the case of contractions by (possibly nonsingleton) sets of sentences and provide an axiomatic characterization for that class of functions. Moreover, we show that the class of epistemic entrenchment-based multiple contractions coincides with the class of system of spheres-based multiple contractions introduced in Fermé & Reis (2012).

I intend to discuss Hume’s theory of personal identity in Books I and II of the Treatise of Human Nature. First, I intend to argue that Hume’s distinction between a ‘personal identity with regard to thought and imagination’ and a ‘personal identity with regard to passions and self-interest’ is only methodological, not radical. That is, the philosopher does not sug-gest the existence of two distinct ideas of personal identity in mind. Secondly, I try to show the contribution of the passions (...) of pride and humility to the production of a belief in personal identity. Pride and humility contribute to the liveliness of this belief by producing the person’s interest in his sensations and actions of the past and the future. Thirdly, I want to show how passions and self-interest make it possible to explain the corporeal aspect of the belief in personal identity. I propose to discuss how the body and its qualities can be understood as constituent elements of the notion of personal identity. (shrink)

The evolution of wireless communications, from the first to the fifth generation, has driven Internet of Things (IoT) advancements. IoT is transforming sectors like agriculture, healthcare, and transportation, but also presents challenges like spectrum bandwidth demand, speed requirements, and security issues. IoT environments, with embedded sensors and actuators, connect to other devices to transmit and receive data over the internet. These data are processed locally or in the cloud, enabling decision-making and automation. Various wireless technologies, including Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRa, and (...) WiFi, cater to specific IoT applications. 5G, with its high speeds, low latency, and efficient bandwidth sharing, is ideal for high-speed data transmission, and thus it provides robust infrastructure for low-latency and bandwidth-sensitive applications. This latest mobile network technology is being rapidly implemented worldwide, providing unprecedented throughput and low latency, which are crucial for the IoT. This paper presents a comprehensive systematic review on 5G security features, vulnerabilities, threats to mobile devices, security in IoT devices, common attacks to IoT devices and protection of data in this environment. Despite enhanced security, 5G faces challenges like Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), Man In The Middle (MITM), cross-slice disruptions, and side-channel attacks. (shrink)

Em A utilidade do inútil do filósofo italiano Nuccio Ordine retoma um tema tradicional e inesgotável: o valor da educação e sua relação com a cultura. Ordine identifica que vivemos uma profunda crise cultural, que assola a Escola e a Universidade. Ambas padecem diante do avanço de uma mentalidade utilitarista, praticista e produtivista, motivada pela lógica implacável do lucro. Tais espaços, que deveriam ser de formação intelectual e humanística, se convertem em empresas capitalistas em formar não cidadãos críticos e livres (...) pensadores, mas mão de obra especializada para o mercado de trabalho e consumo. (shrink)

A presente obra assume-se como um projeto genuinamente interdisciplinar de reflexão ética, interrogando os seus fundamentos e explorando as suas interseções com diversas áreas das Ciências Humanas e Sociais. Reunindo especialistas de distintas áreas, oriundos de países diferentes, o livro tem como fio condutor um diálogo polifónico com o pensamento ético contemporâneo, enraizando-se na tradição crítica que procura refundar a racionalidade prática na construção humana de sentido e, por conseguinte, refutar o niilismo e o relativismo axiológico absoluto.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections (...) in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. (shrink)

In this paper I examine John Dewey's correspondence and selected writings to illuminate Dewey's understanding of and possible shaping of William James's work as it pertains to politics and democracy. I suggest a way of seeing a richer connection between the thinkers than has been portrayed and a picture of influence flowing from Dewey to James.

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag behandelt die Phylenreform von 307/06 v. Chr. in Athen und Attika, die durch die Einführung von zwei neuen Phylen, Antigonis und Demetrias, veranlasst wurde, so dass es fortan zwölf Phylen gab. Dies zog die Neuverteilung etlicher Demen nach sich. Gefragt wird zum einen nach dem konkreten administrativen Ablauf dieser Umstellung, zum anderen nach einem möglichen Muster hinter der Zuweisung der Demen an die neuen Phylen bzw. der damit verbundenen Rolle topographischer und prosopographischer Faktoren. Zudem ist von Interesse, (...) worin die Folgen aus der Umstrukturierung, etwa für das Monument der Phylenheroen oder für die Verwaltungspraxis, bestanden und warum das neue System so lang Bestand hatte. Von der Umstellung vom Dezimal- auf das Duodezimalsystem waren in jedem Fall alle Bürger betroffen; ein Vorteil der Reform dürfte auch darin bestanden haben, Korrekturen innerhalb der Demenverteilung mit Blick auf die Bouleutenzahl anbringen zu können. Die neue Untergliederung spricht dafür, dass trotz einer nachlassenden inschriftlichen Praxis von einem Niedergang der Demen und Phylen seit dem ausgehenden 4. Jh. keine Rede sein kann. (shrink)

À propos des vénérables malentendus philosophiques et de l'inévitable transition culturelle.